File and Directory Structure

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Directory Structure
• User and Installation directory separation
• Finding files with the StelFileMgr class
• Example: Star Catalogue Download Tool

Introduction

This article explains the directory and file layout which Stellarium uses from a programmer's perspective, lays out the rationale behind it, and uses examples to illustrate the way things work.

Directory Structure

Files are broadly separated by the type of data. For StelModules which need many data files, there is one directory. e.g. StarMgr files are stored in the stars directory, LandscapeMgr files may be found in the landscapes directory.

There are also directories which are shared among modules and other parts of the program, for example the textures directory.

User and Installation directory separation

When Stellarium searches for data, texture and other files it looks in two separate locations:

• The User Data Directory, which stores per-user copies of any customised data files. It is the place where Stellarium saves the configuration file, recorded scripts and can also be used to override files in the Installation Data Directory if the user wishes to customise Stellarium. The location of this directory varies depending on the operating system.

  OS	Location
  Linux / BSD / other POSIX	$HOME/.stellarium where $HOME is your home directory.
  Windows 2000 / XP	This is the Stellarium sub-directory of your users application data directory (usually something like C:\Documents and Settings\YOURUSERNAME\Application Data\Stellarium
  Windows Vista / 7 / 8 / 10	This is the Stellarium sub-directory of your users application data directory (usually something like C:\Users\YOURUSERNAME\AppData\Roaming\Stellarium
  MacOS X	$HOME/Library/Application Support/Stellarium where $HOME is your home directory. Note that you may have to change explorer's settings so you can view hidden files before you can navigate to this directory.

  The directory tree structure within the User Data Directory is the same as the Installation Data Directory. Any file which exists in the User Data Directory will over-ride that in the Installation Data Directory.

  For example, to modify the position of a nebula texture, the user may copy the nebulae/default/textures.json file from the Installation Data Directory to the nebulae/default sub-directory of the User Data Directory and modify it there. In this manner, each user on a multi-user system may have their own customized Stellarium data files.

• The Installation Data Directory, which is where the program executable, libraries and all data files which are distributed with the program are installed. It is the place where Stellarium's data files are installed on your computer. This directory varies depending on the operating system.

  OS	Location
  Linux / BSD / other POSIX	It depends on the installation prefix used when building Stellarium. If you built from source, and didn't explicitly specify an install prefix, the prefix will be /usr/local. Typically, pre-built packages for distros will use the /usr prefix. The Installation Data Directory is $PREFIX/share/stellarium
  Windows	It depends on where Stellarium is installed. The main Stellarium installation directory is the Installation Data Directory. Typically this will be C:\Program Files\Stellarium\
  MacOS X	The Installation Data Directory is found inside the application bundle.

  Important data files which may be found in the Installation Data Directory include:

  • data/ssystem_major.ini: the solar system bodies description file (major planets and moons)
  • data/ssystem_minor.ini: the solar system bodies description file (minor planets and comets)
  • stars/default/: star catalogues
  • nebulae/default/: nebula textures and data files
  • scripts/: script files
  • textures/: general purpose texture files (button icons etc)
  • landscapes/: landscape textures and data files

If a file exists in the User Data Directory, it will be used in preference to a file with the same name existing in the Installation Data Directory. This allows users to customise data files, textures and so on without modifying the originally installed files.

There are several reasons for doing this:

• On machines which multiple user accounts, the Installation Data Directory will likely not be writable by all users. Without allowing the User Data Directory files to over-ride Installation Data Directory files such users could not customise the program without doing an entirely separate installation.
• On multi-user systems, different users can customise Stellarium without affecting other users of the program.
• Users who modify files in the Installation Data Directory will likely have their work deleted or overwritten when they upgrade Stellarium. By keeping user-customised files separate from the installation, the upgrade procedure is easier to manage, and users have better security for their work.
• Users who mess up a customisation attempt need only remove the User Data Directory copy of a file to return to the original (working) copy.

Finding files with the StelFileMgr class

Whenever a file is needed in Stellarium, it should be located using the StelFileMgr class. This class will find the file in the first location in the search path. An instance of this class is maintained by the StelApp singleton. StelFileMgr::findFile() will throw exceptions when a problem is encountered, so it is important to always use try ... catch ... exception handling when using it.

For example. You are writing a class called Comet, and wish to search for a data file called comets.dat located in the data directory, you would go about it like this:

QString path;
try
{
    path = StelApp::getInstance().getFileMgr().findFile("data/comets.dat");
}
catch(std::runtime_error& e)
{
    qWarning() << "Could not locate file: data/comets.dat : " << e.what();
}
...

As you can see, the file is specified only by the partial path. This partial path is appended first to the User Data Directory. If, and only if the file is not found there, it is searched for in the Installation Data Directory. Thus if the user has a customised copy at: <User Data Directory>/data/comets.dat it will be used, else the version in the Installation Data Directory will be used.

Example: Star Catalogue Download Tool

Stellarium ships with the first four star catalogue files of nine files. The implementation of a catalogue downloading tool helps ease the task for users wanting the extra catalogues by automating the download and installation procedure.

The files which come with Stellarium are found by the partial paths:

stars/default/stars_0_0v0_1.cat
stars/default/stars_1_0v0_1.cat
stars/default/stars_2_0v0_1.cat
stars/default/stars_3_1v0_1.cat

Naturally, these files are to be located in the Installation Data Directory (because they ship with the installer).

The catalogue downloader tool runs within Stellarium. When it downloads extra star catalogue files, it should place them in the User Data Directory. After downloading all the catalogues, the paths to the various files should look like this:

<Installation Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_0_0v0_1.cat
<Installation Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_1_0v0_1.cat
<Installation Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_2_0v0_1.cat
<Installation Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_3_1v0_1.cat
<User Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_4_1v0_0.cat
<User Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_5_2v0_0.cat
<User Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_6_2v0_0.cat
<User Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_7_2v0_0.cat
<User Data Directory>/stars/default/stars_8_2v0_0.cat

It might be that someone makes a customised installer of Stellarium which includes all the star catalogues with the main installation - perhaps on a special edition DVD. In this case, all the files would be in the <Installation Data Directory>/stars/default directory. The downloader tool should be able to cope with this, not re-downloading files into the User Data Directory which already reside in the Installation Data Directory.